Note: The Mobs listed here are sure to drop these items occasionally, however the drops will be rare.
Be prepared for long camps, or to buy these from other players who have looted them.
Note: Remember that only Fine Plate can be Dye'd/Colored.
Color   Component Water Vial Total Dropped by
Blue   Permafrost crystals 1 1 0.010 Ice Goblins in Permafrost
Green   Evergreen leaves 1 1 0.010 Spawn on the ground in Greater Feydark
Pink   Sarcoscypha fungus 1 1 0.010 Fungus Men in Innothule
Red   Russet Oxide 1 1 0.010 Earth Elementals in Najena
Orange   Jack-o-lantern Fungus 1 1 0.010 Scarecrows in West Karana
Brown   Iron Oxide 1 1 0.010 Earth Elementals in Najena
Black   Charcoal 1 1 0.010 Mist Elementals in E Commons (sandy area, use see invis to find them)
Quick Tip for Dyes and Coloring Fine Plate Armor
Alchemist's/Poisoner's Phase part 1
1) Take oneof the above components with a Flask of Water and an Empty Vial to an Alchemist (Shaman), or Poison Maker (Rogue).
2) The Shaman or Rogue will combine these three items to make you an Extract.
Potter's Phase
3) Unfired Medium Clay Jar = Block of Clay + Water + Medium Jar Sketch, on a Potter's Wheel.
4) Fire the Jar with a Quality Firing Sheet, in a Kiln.
This creates a Medium Clay Jar which is a container with a Combine button.
***Trivial at Pottery Skill of 31
Alchemist's/Poisoner's Phase part 2
5) 1 resin = Dark color, 2 resins = medium color, 3 resins = light color.
6) Take the container from Step 4 back to your Shaman or Rogue, who can combine the Extract from step 2 and Resin(s) to make a Vile of Dye for dying Fine Plate.
Blacksmith's Phase
7) Take a completed piece of Fine Plate, the Dye Packet, jar of acid and a Jar of Laquer and combine them in a regular Forge, voila, Colored Plate Piece.